Finance Act, 1982

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Benefit of use of a car.

4.—(1) This section shall have effect in relation to income tax for the year 1982-83 and subsequent years of assessment.

(2) (a) In relation to a person chargeable to tax in respect of an employment, this section shall have effect for a year of assessment in relation to a car which, by reason of the employment, is made available (without a transfer of the property in it) to him and it is in that year available for his private use.

(b) In relation to a car in respect of which this section has effect for a year of assessment—

(i) Chapter III of Part V of the Income Tax Act, 1967 , shall not have effect for that year in relation to the expense incurred in connection with the provision of the car, and

(ii) for that year, there shall be treated as emoluments of the employment by reason of which the car is made available, and accordingly chargeable to income tax, the amount, if any, by which the cash equivalent of the benefit of the car for the year exceeds the aggregate for the year of the amounts which the employee is required to make good and actually makes good to the employer in respect of any part of the costs of providing or running the car:

Provided that any part of such aggregate in respect of which the said cash equivalent is reduced under subsection (3) (a) shall be disregarded for the purposes of this subparagraph.

(3) (a) The cash equivalent of the benefit of a car for a year of assessment shall be 20 per cent. of the original market value of the car, but shall be reduced—

(i) where no part of the cost, for that year, of the fuel used in the course of the private use of the car by the employee is borne directly or indirectly by the employer, by 3 per cent. of the original market value of the car,

(ii) where no part of the cost, for that year, of the insurance of the car is borne directly or indirectly by the employer, by 2 per cent. of the original market value of the car,

(iii) where no part of the cost, for that year, of repair and servicing of the car is borne directly or indirectly by the employer, by 2 per cent. of the original market value of the car, and

(iv) where no part of the excise duty, for that year, on the licence under section 1 of the Finance (Excise Duties) (Vehicles) Act, 1952 , relating to the car is borne directly or indirectly by the employer, by ½ per cent. of the original market value of the car.

(b) Where a car in respect of which this section has effect in relation to a person for a year of assessment is made available to him for part only of that year, the cash equivalent of the benefit of that car as respects that person for that year shall be an amount which bears to the full amount of the cash equivalent of the said car for that year (ascertained under paragraph (a)) the same proportion as that part of the year bears to the said year.

(4) (a) Where, in relation to a person, the business mileage for a year of assessment exceeds 10,000, the cash equivalent of the benefit of the car for that year, instead of being the amount ascertained under subsection (3), shall be the percentage of that amount applicable to that business mileage under the Table to this subsection.

(b) In the Table to this subsection any percentage shown in column (3) is that applicable to any business mileage for a year of assessment which

(i) exceeds the lower limit shown in column (1), and

(ii) does not exceed the upper limit (if any) shown in column (2),

opposite the mention of that percentage in column (3).

TABLE

(5) (a) Where any amount is to be treated as emoluments of an employment under subsection (2) (b) (ii) for a year of assessment, it shall be the duty of the person who is chargeable to tax in respect of that amount to deliver in writing to the inspector, not later than thirty days after the end of that year, particulars of the car, of its original market value, and of the business mileage and private mileage for the year of assessment.

(b) If, in relation to a year of assessment—

(i) a person makes default in the delivery of particulars in relation to the original market value of a car in respect of which this section has effect in relation to him or in relation to his business mileage or his private mileage for the year, or

(ii) the inspector is not satisfied with the particulars which have been delivered by the person,

then the original market value or business mileage or private mileage which is to be taken into account for the purpose of computing the amount of the tax to which that person is to be charged shall be such value or mileage, as the case may be, as, according to the best of the inspector's judgment, ought to be so taken into account:

Provided that, in the absence of sufficient evidence to the contrary, the business mileage for a year of assessment in relation to a person shall be determined by deducting 5,000 from the total number of miles travelled in that year by that person in a car or cars in respect of which this section has effect in relation to him.

(c) The inspector, in making a computation for the purposes of an assessment or of the Income Tax (Employments) Regulations, 1960 (S.I. No. 28 of 1960), before the end of the year of assessment to which the computation relates, in relation to a person in relation to whom this section has effect for that year of assessment, shall make an estimate of that person's business mileage for the purpose of the computation, and the provisions of section 528 of the Income Tax Act, 1967 , shall, with any necessary modifications, have effect in relation to the estimate so made as it has in relation to an estimate made under that section.

(d) A value or mileage taken into account under paragraph (b) may be amended by the Appeal Commissioners or the Circuit Court on the hearing or the rehearing of an appeal against an assessment in respect of the employment in the performance of the duties of which the business mileage is done.

(6) (a) This subsection applies to any car in the case of which the inspector is satisfied (whether on a claim under this subsection or otherwise) that it has for any year been included in a car pool for the use of the employees of one or more employers.

(b) A car is to be treated as having been so included for a year if—

(i) in that year it was made available to, and actually used by, more than one of those employees and, in the case of each of them, it was made available to him by reason of his employment but it was not in that year ordinarily used by any one of them to the exclusion of the others; and

(ii) in the case of each of them any private use of the car made by him in that year was merely incidental to his other use of it in the year; and

(iii) it was in that year not normally kept overnight on or in the vicinity of any residential premises where any of the employees was residing, except while being kept overnight on premises occupied by the person making the car available to them.

(c) Where this subsection applies to a car, then for the year in question the car is to be treated under this section as not having been available for the private use of any of the employees.

(d) A claim under this subsection in respect of a car for any year may be made by any one of the employees mentioned in paragraph (b) (i) above (they being referred to in paragraph (e) as “the employees concerned”) or by the employer on behalf of all of them.

(e) (i) Any person who is aggrieved by a decision of the inspector on any question arising under this subsection may, by notice in writing to that effect given to the inspector within two months from the date on which notice of the decision is given to him, make an application to have his claim for relief heard and determined by the Appeal Commissioners.

(ii) Where an application is made under subparagraph (i), the Appeal Commissioners shall hear and determine the claim in like manner as an appeal made to them against an assessment and all the provisions of the Income Tax Acts relating to such an appeal (including the provisions relating to the rehearing of an appeal and to the statement of a case for the opinion of the High Court on a point of law) shall apply accordingly with any necessary modifications.

(iii) On an appeal against the decision of the inspector on a claim under this section all the employees concerned may take part in the proceedings, and the determination of the Appeal Commissioners or the Circuit Court, as the case may be, shall be binding on all those employees, whether or not they have taken part in the proceedings.

(iv) Where an appeal against the decision of the inspector on a claim under this subsection has been determined, no appeal against the inspector's decision on any other such claim in respect of the same car while in the same car pool and the same year shall be entertained.

(7) Section 178 (1) of the Income Tax Act, 1967 , is hereby amended by the insertion after paragraph (aa) of the following paragraph:

“(aaa) particulars of any car, within the meaning of section 4 of the Finance Act, 1982, made available to those persons by reason of that employment;”.

(8) Schedule 15 to the Income Tax Act, 1967 , is hereby amended by the insertion in column (1) thereof of “Finance Act, 1982, section 4”.

(9) (a) In this section—

“business mileage for a year of assessment”, in relation to a person, means the total number of whole miles travelled in the year in the course of business use by that person of a car or cars in respect of which this section has effect in relation to that person;

“business use”, in relation to a car in respect of which this section has effect in relation to a person, means travelling in the car which that person is necessarily obliged to do in the performance of the duties of his employment;

“car” means any mechanically propelled road vehicle constructed or adapted for the carriage of passengers other than a vehicle of a type not commonly used as a private vehicle and unsuitable to be so used;

“employment” means an office or employment of profit such that any emoluments (within the meaning of section 111 of the Income Tax Act, 1967 ) thereof would fall to be charged to tax and related expressions shall be construed accordingly;

“private use”, in relation to a car, means use of the car other than business use.

(b) For the purposes of this section—

(i) (I) a car made available in any year to an employee by reason of his employment is deemed to be available in that year for his private use unless the terms on which the car is so made available prohibit such use and no such use is made of the car in that year;

(II) a car made available to an employee by his employer or by a person connected with the employer is deemed to be made available to him by reason of his employment (unless the employer is an individual and it can be shown that the car was made so available in the normal course of his domestic, family or personal relationships);

(III) a car shall be treated as available to a person and for his private use if it is available to a member or members of his family or household;

(IV) references to a person's family or household are references to his spouse, his sons and daughters and their spouses, his parents and his servants, dependants and guests;

(ii) in relation to a car in respect of which this section has effect expenditure in respect of any costs borne by a person connected with the employer shall be treated as borne by the employer;

(iii) a person shall be regarded as connected with another person if he would be so regarded under section 16 (3) of the Finance (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 1968 , for the purposes of Part IV of that Act;

(iv) the original market value of a car is the price (including any duty of customs, duty of excise, or value-added tax, chargeable on the car) which it might reasonably have been expected to fetch if sold in the State singly in a retail sale in the open market immediately before the date of its first registration in the State under section 6 of the Roads Act, 1920 , or under corresponding earlier legislation, or elsewhere under the corresponding legislation of any country or territory.